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Augusto de Campos Tensão (Tension) 1963

Augusto de Campos is one of the primogenitors of the pivotal strand of concrete poetry that emerged in Brazil in the 1950s. Along with his brother Haroldo, de Campos founded and edited the seminal literary journal Noigandres. Tensão is a unique, unpublished manuscript for a book of poems composed between 1958 and 1963. The work was commissioned by the foundational Swiss concrete poet Eugen Gomringer for his transcontinental initiative Konkrete Poesie—Poesia concreta. Upon his return to Germany from Switzerland in 1967, Gomringer abandoned his press, and de Campos’s manuscript was never printed. The Sackner collection also includes an unpublished manuscript by Haroldo de Campos that met with the same fate, as well as the gracious correspondence between the brothers and Gomringer. 
Identification
Title
Tensão (Tension)
Production Date
1963
Object Number
2016.221
Credit Line
Collection Pérez Art Museum Miami, acquired from The Sackner Archive of Concrete and Visual Poetry, with support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Gift of Ruth and Marvin A. Sackner and the Sackner Family Partnership
Copyright
© Augusto de Campos
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Physical Qualities
Medium
Softcover manuscript with typewriter ink on paper, rebound as hardcover book by Pella Erskine-Tulloch, and typewriter ink on loose sheet
Dimensions
Manuscript: 7 3/8 x 6 13/16 x 3/8 inches Sheet: 4 1/4 x 5 7/8 inches
Visual Description
Tensão, or tension, by Brazilian artist Augusto de Campos, is a blue hardcover manuscript, or hand-typed book. When closed, the dimensions of the book’s cover are close to seven inches on all sides, giving it a nearly square shape. The spine on the book’s left-hand side is a little under half an inch in thickness, as the book is not very thick or dense with pages. On the right side, the back cover has a one-and-a-half-inch flap. Again, when closed, this flap clasps over the book’s top cover like a portfolio or document carrier. Tensão is an example of typographic art because it uses the written or typed word as its main artistic element. Within this book are nearly two dozen sheets of four by five-inch paper. Each of the pages contains a different arrangement of hand-typed letters, arranged in a variety of different compositions. The majority of the letters are printed in black typewriter ink, or a combination of red and black ink. The letter forms are in the style typical of a manual typewriter, with thin lines and telltale serifs. These serifs are found trailing off or extending at the ends of each of the letters, usually as a small line or ink stroke. When put on display, Tensão lies flat on in its spine. The artist chose to only type on one side of each sheet of paper, so when open, the pages are blank to the left of the crease along the book’s spine, and printed to the right. Four of the pages contain numbered lists of Portuguese words alongside their English translations, and are titled as a “word key.” Some of the words on the first page of the word key are sol=sun, letra=letter, estrela=star. The remaining pages of the twenty-two individual compositions arrange their typography in a variety of different shapes, using the Portuguese words in the key. The words are typed repeatedly on each page, usually paired with another similarly spelled or similar sounding word. For example, pluvial and fluvial are typed out in way that arranges their repeating letters to form a trapezoid shape in the center of the page. On another page, the word vida, or life, is typed repeatedly into a small, inch-tall square coil, with the deliberately empty spaces between the typed letters creating a unique shape.
Augusto de Campos
Augusto de Campos — b. 1931, São Paulo; lives in São Paulo
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